Particle Bombardment–Assisted Peptide-Mediated Gene Transfer (PBPT): A Highly Efficient Tool for Transient Mitochondrial Expression in Plants
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IntroductionReliable delivery of genetic material into plant cell organelles remains a persistent challenge in molecular bio...
Intact GLP-1 Levels as a Predictor of Type 2 Diabetes Risk in an Indonesian Population
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IntroductionUnderstanding the physiological determinants of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is vital for developing preventi...
Understanding Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1): A Key Player in Metabolic Regulation
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IntroductionGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone naturally produced in the intestines that plays a central...
PT-141 (Bremelanotide): Mechanisms of Action in Sexual Arousal
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IntroductionPT-141, also known as Bremelanotide, is a synthetic peptide derived from alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α...
NAD⁺ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide): A Central Metabolic Coenzyme and Its Role in Cellular Health
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IntroductionNAD⁺ is a vital coenzyme present in all living cells. It functions as a molecular shuttle—transferring electrons...